Sport

Definitions
Arrows A system used in bowling to aid in targeting. Arrows are embedded in bowling lanes fifteen feet from the foul line. Arrows can also be used to describe the line a player is using.

Blind Score A score that is allowed for a player who is absent.

Brooklyn Strike A strike that is a result of a Brooklyn hit. A Brooklyn hit is a hit on the wrong side of the head pin   left side for a right-handed player, right side for a left-handed one.

Bucket A cluster of four pins that makes a diamond shape.

Clean Game A clean game is a game without any open frames.

Dead Wood Dead wood refers to pins that have remained on the lane or in the gutter after a player has knocked them down and after the machine has reset the pins. In ten pin bowling, they must be removed before play resumes.

Double Two consecutive strikes in a row.

Dutch 200 A game of exactly 200 that has been played with alternating spares and strikes through the entire game.

Foul A foul is a crossing of the foul line at delivery. Results in a penalty of zero pins.

Foul Line A line, normally red that stands 60 feet from the head pin and separates the approach area from the playing surface.

Greek Church Any split where there are three pins on one side of the lane and two on the other.

Handicap In an attempt to keep competition level the same, pins are awarded to a player or team.
Turkey Three consecutive strikes in a row.

Follow-Thru Follow-Thru refers to the part of the bowlers delivery following the release of the ball.

Lofting the Ball Lofting the ball is when a player throws the ball onto the lane way beyond the foul line, it can damage the lane.

Mark The point on the lane that the bowler is aiming for.

Messenger Refers to the pin that rolls across the pindeck into a pin or pins to get a strike or to break up a split.

No Tap Scoring A type of competition where 9 pins on the first ball is scored as a strike. There can also be 8-pin no-tap events at which 8 pins or more on the first ball counts as a strike.

Off the Sheet Completing a game with all strikes from a given point to the end of the game.

Open Frame A frame in which the bowler doesnt get a strike or a spare.

Open Bowling Bowling just for  fun, as opposed to bowling in competition like a league or tournament play.

Pines The portion of a wood lane beyond the splice and up to the pin deck.

The  Pit  The area of the lane behind the pin deck.

Pocket Shot A shot that hits between 1-2 pins for a lefty and 1-3 pins for a right hander.

Release Point in delivery when the ball loses contact with the hand.

Scratch Bowling Bowling without the benefit of handicap.

Sleeper A pin hidden behind another pin.

Split Various combination of pins standing after a first throw where one or more pins has been knocked down creating a space between standing pins and thus a harder spare to make.
Getting  Tapped  A pin  remains standing after an apparently perfect hit.

Basic Lane Etiquette Guidelines
Where to stand when waiting your turn to bowl When waiting your turn it is important to be alert and ready to keep the flow of the game going. Dont go on the approach when waiting, stay in the seating area.

How to pick-up a bowling ball You must remember to guard your wrist in back, the easiest way to do this is to bend your knees and use two hands when picking up a bowling ball. Cradle the ball in your non-bowling arm and return to starting position. When your feet are planted you should insert your fore-fingers and thumb (in that order).

Identification of the Basic Elements of the Bowling Lane
Approach The area where the player walks up to the foul line, measured at least 15 long. The approach is usually next to the ball return and is embedded with locator dots. These dots help the player to line up the shot and may also be used to describe a bowlers walkform.

Bowling Lane The lane is the playing surface, usually 42 inches wide and 62 feet, 10  inches long. The lane has a series of seven spots past the foul line, before the arrows used to assist in targeting and alignment. The lane has arrows embedded 15 feet from the foul line, also to aid in targeting and players location. On either side of the lane are gutters, 9  inch wide depressed areas that guide the ball to the pit.

Components of Completing a Shot
The Stance and Starting Point on the Approach Pick up the ball and cradle it in your non-bowling arm. Move to the dot on the approach that is about two feet from the foul line, align yourself on the dots. Position toes straight ahead with hips, shoulders and feet parallel to each other. Hold the ball steady with both hands and insert your fingers first and then your thumb into the bowling ball.

The Approach or Delivery Take your first step with your swing-side foot, as you lift your foot off on the approach, begin your pushaway. Bowler should keep their back straight, their elbow loose and relaxed, and knees straight. Bowler should end their pushaway when both elbows have locked. Lastly, bowler should end first step on their swing-side heel.

Components of Scoring
Identification of Different Types of Marking for Scoring An X signifies a strike, all ten pins knocked down on the first ball. A  represents a spare, the remainder of the pins are knocked down on the second ball. A - indicates that no pins were knocked down in a certain frame. An F indicates a foul in which the player has crossed the foul line. A circle around a number signifies that the pins have been left in a split formation after the first roll.

What constitutes a Foul and how is it Scored A foul is when the bowlers crosses or touches the foul line at delivery. Fouls are penalized by a score of 0 pins. If it occurs on the first ball of a frame, the bowler gets a second turn at a new rack of pins.

Components of League Play
Determining Individual and Team Handicap To calculate handicap you need to find individual average, in a league 3 games are required to find average. Take total pins youve knocked down and divide it by the number of games you played, this is your average. You must then acquire the basis score from the league secretary, for example 90 of 210. Then, subtract your average from the basis score. Then multiply the difference between your average and the basis score by the percentage in the basis score to find individual handicap. Add up the average of your team in order to find your teams handicap. Multiply the number of players on the team by the basis score, subtract the team average you previously found, this will give you the teams handicap.

How to enter information and scoring for an absent player In many leagues, the bowlers average is used or the average minus ten pins (a penalty for being absent). In others, its a set score, such as 140 for men and 120 for women.

Short Answer

Spare Shooting System for
10 pin Find 10 pin position by using the third arrow as a target, do not hook the ball too much, it will end up in the gutter. The key to this spare is to shoot cross-alley.
8 pin Start on the right side of the approach, aim for the third arrow.
7 pin The 7-pin spare can be shot by starting at dots on right side of the approach and aiming for the second arrow and shooting across the lane.
9 pin Shoot the 9 pin spare by starting at the dots on left side of the approach and aiming for the fifth arrow.
1-2 pins This is an easy spare, a cherry. Start from strike position, move 3 boards right and pivot towards the target.
1-3 pins Stance is from 10-pin position. Move feet 8 boards to the right and pivot to 3rd arrow target.
3 Types of Bowling Ball Reaction When drilling a ball there are 3 points on the ball that will impact the balls reaction the Locator Pin (Pin), the Center of Gravity (CG) and the Mass Bias (MB). The locator pin controls controls when the ball will change direction, how much it will flare and how much hook potential it will have. Center of Gravity can control what direction the ball travels down the lane if it is drilled somewhere other than to balance out the weight from drilling finger holes. Mass bias controls the reaction on the backend of the lane, specifically, the shape of the hook.

The most important factor in making a bowling ball is its weight. Balls range in weight from 6 to 16 pounds. A lighter ball is easier to control and throw at a high rate of speed, but if it is too light it will not have the force to knock over pins.

Extra Credit
3 types of bowling ball surface
1 - Reactive Most common surface used. Reactive can be solid or pearlized but dont contain any particle additives
2   Urethane Urethane is non-porous and will not absorb oil, it provides less friction than reactive surfaces. It also does not have the backend hook potential that reactive balls have.
3   Polyester (Plastic) This surface is also non-porous and creates the least amount of friction compared to the other ball surfaces.