Sport

Training for athletes is a fundamental activity because its what keeps them in shape and competitive therefore, training should be undertaken with dedication. Furthermore, annual training is critical in ensuring that an athlete is well prepared and at all times. Having an annual plan plays a very big role in the preparation of athletes. First, it helps identify the type of job to be done second, how it should or will be done and this involves setting goals finally, it gives a plan and timeframe of achieving the goals. This paper shall focus on developing a short term annual training program for competitive athletes with the hope that they will greatly improve their performance.

Physiological Needs
The physiological needs of the athletes will include the need for flexibility, power and strength. Training for flexibility is usually undervalued when athletes go for conditioning. This is very important in prevention of injuries. Flexibility is that range of motion that the joints can afford. Flexibility is beneficial since it increases the range of the movement of the joint. This can effectively enhance performance and possibility of injury. The rationale in this instance is the limb is able to move very far before some form of injury can occur. 
Stretching is equally important and its linked to the augmented risk of muscle tears can be decreased before the training or the competition with dynamic stretching. When competition is tough there can be fairly disturbing on the body. Training for flexibility program can assist to correct these disparities preventing chronic.
Training for strength is very important for strengthening the core muscles. Strength stabilizes the shoulder since it supports many of the muscles. Strength trainings helps top stabilize the hip musculature which is considered d the power centre.
Speed training is achieved from the strength and stability training sessions. Its very obvious that without the proper body flexibility and strength, an athlete can never achieve his potential speed.  Leg strengths is very important in that a man should able to squat about ten times. Strengths of the Hips, thighs, hamstring and glutes is critical.

Current Athletes Status
The athlete for this training program is an 800 and 1500 metres runner. The basic reason for this part is to ensure that the real problems are identified and solutions thereof (The American Dietetic Association 2003). The list below is a summary of the athletes profile (Bompa, R PasqualeM.D 2003).
Athlete Riddick Hamilton
Gender Male
Age 27
Profession Track Runner
Nick nameTrack King
CurrentlyEncinitas, CA
Height59
Weight170 lbs (72kgs)
Sport Athletics
Medals 2 Gold, 5 Silver (8 Total)
Performers Competition Objectives
The athlete should be able to finish the race with a very strong determination
The athlete should be ale to win more titles and set the record in that field. 
The athlete should be able to exercise endurance in all races
The athlete should be physically, emotionally and socially prepared for competition. (Bompa, R PasqualeM.D. 2003)
The Training Program
The beginning of the year is very important in deciding the way training will be carried out. Before the setting of a training regiment, basic information from the athlete will be recorded and stored. The athlete will be assessed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses. Identifying the attributes is the first step (Pyke 2001). Next is to evaluate the athlete against the ideal requirements of an athlete. The gap between them is what needs to be covered during the training sessions.
Periodisation
This is fundamentally the way the year is organised into several different phases in which each phase is given a specific goal to develop in the athlete. The year will therefore be divided into six phases as below Phase 1  16 weeks  September, October, November, December Phase 2   8 weeks  January, February Phase 3 - 8 weeks  March, April, Phase 4  8 weeks  May, June Phase 5 - 8 weeks - July, August and Phase 6  4 weeks  September. The indoor activities will go up to week six in phase one and four times in phase two and according to recommendations by the trainer. This assumes that the competition climax will be in August. The (Pyke Outdoor) session will be in all sessions. The objectives of the phases are to develop different aspects as follows
Phase 1  Developing endurance, strength, flexibility and primary technique
Phase 2 - Developing definite robustness and superior technical skills
Phase 3  Achieving the competitive experience
Phase 4 - Modification of technical form training for the major competition
Phase 5  Achieving a more competitive advantage (Pyke Outdoor)
Phase 6 - Aggressive recovery by planning groundwork for subsequent seasons
Periodisation has two essential parts that make it easier for planning and better performance after the training.

 The Annual Training Program
Training PhasePreparation Competitive Transition Sub-PhasesGeneralSpecific Pre-competitionCompetitionchangeover Macro-cyclesMicro-cycles
The preparatory phase of periodisation is divided into a general and specific sub phase according to the distinctiveness of the training (Pyke 2001). These are followed by a pre-competitive period. However, these sub-phases do also have smaller divisions of macro and eventually micro-cycles.
How best an athlete performs is greatly dependent on the speed of adaptation to the process of training, psychological adjustment and the amount of competition plus the rates of developing the skills and capabilities. (Pyke 2001) The length of the phases is also determined by the time that will be needed by the athlete to increase the level of training.
The Rationale for the Training
There is dire need for success in every aspect of a task that is undertaken by athletes. The training is necessary because it helps athletes to build skills and perfect performance over time. The athletes then develop physiological endurance by practicing more and eating healthy (Pyke 2001). Attaining stratagem, skill and exercises require a unique approach. Periodisation is an example of such an approach. The athlete needs to be able to recognize strength training describe training methods to perk up strength and power and to make training techniques to develop strength.
The Macro-Cycle this is the period that defines the time that is available before the main competition. Its further divided into micro-cycles with is shorter. The cycle is normally 7 - 10 weeks and it most times seeks to solve specific objectives. This is quite different for the pre-competitive in that micro cycle uses very detailed information while the pre-consumption is quite general